The aim of this subject is to provide students with an understanding of different types of technology developments in microorganisms and the wide scope of applications of microorganisms in different areas. Upon completion of the subject, the course outcomes for students are: [1] Understand the steps involved in isolation, strain improvement and growth of microorganisms in industrial processes. [2] Understand the different methods of microorganism culturing and fermentation systems, including process improvements. [3] Understand the uses of microorganisms to produce a wide variety of products in different industries and provide examples of current applications of microbial biotechnology and advances in different areas like medical, environmental, bioremediation, agricultural, plant and animal. The basic contents of this subject will be presented through lectures and discussion/tutorials. The lectures will begin with the introduction that summarizes the basic principles of microbial biotechnology including screening for microbial products, bioprocess technology, enzymology, manipulation of genes and metabolic pathways and application of bioinformatics and biocomputing. The following lectures will be presented in detail with the application of microbial biotechnology in different types of industries such as food production, agriculture, medical, environmental, or alternative energy. For discussion/ tutorials, students will answer questions set by the teacher, based on the different topics.