In modern world, science is no longer just the business of scientists. Because of its great success in providing knowledge about the nature and life, and the enormous penetration of technology developed based on science in our social, economic and daily lives, science and technology are important affairs in our society. On the other hand, science is not an endeavor of scientists working in isolation today. The scientific community has expanded tremendously since 1900, and it is seeking huge financial and other resources from governments, industry, and the public to support research activities. Properly informed government officials and citizens must be able to understand and critique the claims made by scientists, the limitations of scientists and science, as well as being able to judge what research projects are worth supporting. The healthy social dynamics within the scientific community is also essential to its adequate function. Issues like conflict of interest, public nature of science versus intellectual property rights, ethical violation, misconducts and frauds in scientific research need to be identified and dealt with. In addition, the scientific community should lead the public in the fighting against pseudoscience, science-denial and anti-science. Currently, scientific community should play a crucial role in resolving various urgent issues related to the sustainable development of human society. These social aspects of science will be discussed in this short course.