On successful completion of this module, students should be able to: - Understand the value and methods of comparing civilizations, taking into account in particular the importance of ethnocentrism as a human universal; - Observe the nature of cultural change in both in China and the West by tracing how traditional practices and ideas in both worlds compare to their modern counterparts; - Identify the ideologies behind dominant worldviews which have enduring effects on life in China and the West; - Understand how Chinese people look at the world and how that view differs from that of the West; - Understand the thinking that lies behind Chinese actions in today’s world; - Make sense of ongoing conflicts between China and Western nations.